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Web Kazıma İçin Başlangıç ​​Kılavuzu - Semalt Tarafından Sağlanmaktadır

Web kazıma, web sitelerinden ve bloglardan bilgi çıkarma tekniğidir. İnternette bir milyardan fazla web sayfası var ve bu sayı gün geçtikçe artıyor ve bu da verileri elle çizmemizi imkansız hale getiriyor. Gereksinimlerinize göre verileri nasıl toplayabilir ve organize edebilirsiniz? Web kazımaya ilişkin bu kılavuzda farklı teknikler ve araçlar hakkında bilgi edineceksiniz.

Her şeyden önce, webmasterlar veya site sahipleri, web belgelerine, arama motorlarının kullanıcılarına alakalı içerik sunmasına yardımcı olacak etiketler ve kısa kuyruklu ve uzun kuyruklu anahtar kelimeler ek açıklama yaparlar. İkincisi, HTML sayfaları olarak da bilinen her sayfanın doğru ve anlamlı bir yapısı vardır ve web geliştiricileri ve programcılar bu sayfaları yapılandırmak için semantik olarak anlamlı etiketler hiyerarşisi kullanmaktadır. Son zamanlarda çok sayıda  web kazıma yazılımı  veya araçları piyasaya sürüldü.

Web Kazıma Yazılımı veya Araçları:

Son aylarda çok sayıda web kazıma yazılımı veya aracı piyasaya sürüldü. Bu hizmetler World Wide Web'e doğrudan Köprü Metni Aktarım Protokolü veya bir web tarayıcısı aracılığıyla erişir. Tüm web kazıyıcılar, başka bir amaçla kullanabilmek için bir web sayfası veya dokümandan bir şeyler alır. Örneğin, Outwit Hub öncelikle telefon numaralarını, URL'leri, metinleri ve diğer verileri internetten kazıma yapmak için kullanılır. Benzer şekilde, Import.io ve Kimono Labs, web belgelerini ayıklamak ve eBay, Alibaba ve Amazon gibi e-ticaret sitelerinden fiyatlandırma bilgileri ve ürün açıklamalarının çıkarılmasına yardımcı olmak için kullanılan iki interaktif web kazıma aracıdır. Ayrıca, Diffbot, veri çıkarma sürecini otomatikleştirmek için makine öğrenme ve bilgisayar görme özelliğini kullanır. İnternetteki en iyi web kazıma hizmetlerinden biridir ve içeriğinizi düzgün bir şekilde yapılandırmanıza yardımcı olur.

Web Kazıma Teknikleri:

Web kazıması için bu kılavuzda, aynı zamanda temel web kazıma teknikleri hakkında bilgi edineceksiniz. Yukarıda bahsedilen araçların, düşük kaliteli verilerin kazımasını önlemek için kullandığı bazı yöntemler vardır. Hatta bazı veri çıkarma araçları, DOM ayrıştırma, doğal dil işleme ve İnternet'ten içerik toplamak için bilgisayarla görme üzerine bağımlıdır.

Şüphesiz, web kazıma, aktif gelişmeler gösteren alan ve tüm veri bilimcileri ortak bir hedefi paylaşıyorlar ve anlamsal anlayış, metin işleme ve yapay zeka alanlarındaki atılımları gerektiriyor.

Teknik 1: İnsan kopyalama ve yapıştırma tekniği:

Bazen en iyi web kazıyıcılar bile insanların elle muayene ve kopyala-yapıştırmasının yerini alamazlar. Bunun nedeni, bazı dinamik web sayfalarının makine otomasyonunu önleme engellerini oluşturmasıdır.

Teknik # 2: Metin Örüntü Eşleştirme Tekniği:

Verileri internetten ayıklamak için basit fakat etkileşimli ve güçlü bir yoldur ve bir UNIX grep komutuna dayanmaktadır. Düzenli ifadeler ayrıca kullanıcıların verileri silmelerini kolaylaştırmakta ve öncelikle Python ve Perl gibi farklı programlama dillerinin bir parçası olarak kullanılmaktadır.

Teknik # 3: HTTP Programlama Tekniği:

Statik ve dinamik sitelerin hedeflenmesi kolaydır ve o zamandan beri gelen veriler, HTTP isteklerini uzaktaki bir sunucuya göndererek alınabilir.

Tekniği # 4: HTML Ayrıştırma Tekniği:

Çeşitli sitelerde, veritabanları gibi altta yapılandırılmış kaynaklardan üretilen geniş bir web sayfası koleksiyonu bulunur. Bu teknikte, bir web kazıma programı HTML'yi algılar, içeriğini çıkarır ve ilişkisel forma çevirir (rasyonel form bir sarıcı olarak bilinir).

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